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Recent studies have identified a clinical isolate of the commensal  Streptococcus mitis  that expresses  Streptococcus pneumoniae  serotype 5 capsule ( S. mitis  serotype 5) and shows serospecificity toward pneumococcal serotype 5. However, it remains unknown whether  S. mitis  serotype 5 induces protective immunity against pneumococcal serotype 5. In this study, we evaluated the ability of  S. mitis  serotype 5 to generate protective immunity in a mouse model of lung infection with pneumococcal serotype 5. Upon challenge infection with  S. pneumoniae  serotype 5, mice intranasally immunized with  S. mitis  serotype 5 exhibited reduced pneumococcal loads in the lungs, nasal wash, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with those receiving PBS (control). The immunized mice displayed significantly higher levels of IgG and IgA antibodies reactive to  S. mitis  serotype 5,  S. pneumoniae  serotype 5 or  S. pneumoniae  serotype 4 than the antibody levels in control mice. In vaccinated mice, the IgG/IgA antibody levels reactive to  S. mitis  serotype 5 or S.  pneumoniae  serotype 5 were higher than the levels reactive to  S. pneumoniae  serotype 4. Furthermore,  in-vitro  restimulation of the lung-draining mediastinal lymph node cells and splenocytes from immunized mice with killed  S. mitis  serotype 5,  S. pneumoniae  serotype 5 or  S. pneumoniae  serotype 4 showed enhanced Th17, but not Th1 and Th2, responses. Overall, our findings show that mucosal immunization with  S. mitis  serotype 5 protects against  S. pneumoniae  serotype 5 infection and induces Th17 and predominant serotype-specific IgG/IgA antibody responses against pneumococcal infection.

frontiers in immunology

Vaccination With the Commensal Streptococcus mitis Expressing Pneumococcal Serotype 5 Capsule Elicits IgG/IgA and Th17 Responses Against Streptococcus pneumoniae