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Tuberculosis can occur during any stage of Human Immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV) -infection including times when CD4 +  T cell numbers have reconstituted and viral replication suppressed. We have previously shown that CD11b + CD33 + CD14 + HLA-DR -/lo  monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) persist in HIV-infected individuals on combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART) and with virologic suppression. The response of MDSC to  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  (Mtb) is not known. In this study, we compared the anti-mycobacterial activity of MDSC isolated from HIV –infected individuals on cART with virologic suppression (HIV MDSC) and HIV-uninfected healthy controls (HIV (-) MDSC). Compared to HIV (-) MDSC, HIV MDSC produced significantly less quantities of anti-mycobacterial cytokines IL-12p70 and TNFα, and reactive oxygen species when cultured with infectious Mtb or Mtb antigens. Furthermore, HIV MDSC showed changes in the Toll-like receptor and IL-27 signaling, including reduced expression of MyD88 and higher levels of IL-27. Neutralizing IL-27 and overexpression of MyD88 synergistically controlled intracellular replication of Mtb in HIV MDSC. These results demonstrate that MDSC in fully suppressed HIV-infected individuals are permissive to Mtb and exhibit downregulated anti-mycobacterial innate immune activity through mechanisms involving IL-27 and TLR signaling. Our findings suggest MDSC as novel mediators of tuberculosis in HIV-Mtb co-infected individuals with virologic suppression.

frontiers in immunology

Monocytic-Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells of HIV-Infected Individuals With Viral Suppression Exhibit Suppressed Innate Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis