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The freshwater mussel  Hyriopsis schlegelii  is a cultured bivalve in China, and the quality of the pearls produced is affected by the type of gonads. However, because of the lack of a published genome and the complexity of sex determination, research on sex reversal and development of this species is limited. In this study, Illumina RNA-seq and PacBio Isoform Sequencing (Iso-Seq) were combined to analyze the gonads of  H. schlegelii . A total of 201,481 high-quality transcripts were generated. The study identified 7,922 differentially expressed genes in three comparison group (females versus males, hermaphrodites versus females, and hermaphrodites versus males). Twenty-four genes were identified as potential sex-related genes, including  sox9  and  wnt4  involved in sex determination, and  vtg ,  cyp17a1  and  17β-hsd2  involved in gonadal development. We also speculated a possible pathways for the formation of hermaphroditism in  H. schlegelii . The data provide a clear view of the transcriptome for  H. schlegelii  gonads and will be valuable in elucidating the mechanisms of gonad development.

Full-Length Transcriptome Sequences Provide Insight Into Hermaphroditism of Freshwater Pearl Mussel Hyriopsis schlegelii