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APETALA2/ethylene response element-binding factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factors (TFs) have been found to regulate plant growth and development and response to various abiotic stresses. However, detailed information of  AP2/ERF  genes in peanut against drought has not yet been performed. Herein, 185 AP2/ERF TF members were identified from the cultivated peanut ( A. hypogaea cv.  Tifrunner) genome, clustered into five subfamilies: AP2 (APETALA2), ERF (ethylene-responsive-element-binding), DREB (dehydration-responsive-element-binding), RAV (related to ABI3/VP), and Soloist (few unclassified factors)). Subsequently, the phylogenetic relationship, intron–exon structure, and chromosomal location of  AhAP2/ERF  were further characterized. All of these  AhAP2/ERF  genes were distributed unevenly across the 20 chromosomes, and 14 tandem and 85 segmental duplicated gene pairs were identified which originated from ancient duplication events. Gene evolution analysis showed that  A. hypogaea cv.  Tifrunner were separated 64.07 and 66.44 Mya from  Medicago truncatula  L. and  Glycine max  L., respectively. Promoter analysis discovered many  cis -acting elements related to light, hormones, tissues, and stress responsiveness process. The protein interaction network predicted the exitance of functional interaction among families or subgroups. Expression profiles showed that genes from  AP2 ,  ERF , and  dehydration-responsive-element-binding  subfamilies were significantly upregulated under drought stress conditions. Our study laid a foundation and provided a panel of candidate AP2/ERF TFs for further functional validation to uplift breeding programs of drought-resistant peanut cultivars.

frontiers in genetics

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Related to Drought Stress in Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)