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Background  The tumor necrosis factor superfamily ( TNFSF ) and TNF receptor superfamily ( TNFRSF ) play important roles in the immune responses to infections. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of several  TNFSF/TNFRSF  genes on the risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the Chinese high-risk population.    Methods  The  TNFSF4 -rs1234313,  TNFSF4 -rs7514229,  TNFSF8 -rs3181366,  TNFSF8 -rs2295800,  TNFRSF8 -rs2298209, and  TNFRSF8 -rs2230625 SNPs were genotyped in 2309 uninfected controls, 597 subjects with spontaneous HCV clearance and 784 patients with persistent HCV infection using the TaqMan-MGB assay. The putative functions of the positive SNPs were determined using online bioinformatics tools.    Results  After adjusting for gender, age, high-risk population, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST),  IL28B -rs12979860 and rs8099917 genotypes, the non-conditional logistic regression showed that rs7514229-T, rs3181366-T, and rs2295800-C were associated with an increased risk of HCV infection (all  P  FDR    < 0.05). Combined analysis of rs7514229-T and rs3181366-T risk alleles showed that the subjects carrying 2–4 risk alleles were more susceptible to HCV infection compared with those lacking any risk allele (all  P  < 0.001). Furthermore, the risk of HCV infection increased with the number of risk alleles ( P  trend    < 0.001).  In silico  analysis showed that rs7514229, rs3181366, and rs2295800 polymorphisms may affect the transcription of mRNA by regulating miRNA binding, TF binding, and promoter activation, respectively, which may have biological consequences.    Conclusion   TNFSF4 -rs7514229,  TNFSF8 -rs3181366, and  TNFSF8 -rs2295800 are associated with increased risk of HCV infection in the Chinese high-risk population.

Genetic Variants in TNFSF4 and TNFSF8 Are Associated With the Risk of HCV Infection Among Chinese High-Risk Population