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Aims  To examine the glycaemic variability and safety of basal and premixed insulin by using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems.    Methods  393 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with basal or premixed insulin for more than 3 months were enrolled. Patients were classified into a basal insulin group or premixed insulin group according to their insulin regimens. CGMs were used for 72 h with their previous hypoglycaemic regimen unchanged. The following glycaemic parameters were calculated for each 24 h using CGM data.    Results  Despite similar HbA1c and fasting C-peptide concentrations, glycaemic variability (GV), including the mean amplitude of glycaemic excursion (MAGE), standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV), and the time below range (TBR) were significantly lower in the basal insulin group than these in the premixed insulin group. Night-time hypoglycaemia was lower in the basal insulin group than that in the premixed insulin group (p&amp;lt;0.01). Among participants with haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) &amp;lt; 7%, the GV and TBR were higher in the premixed insulin group than that in the basal insulin group.    Conclusion  Compared with basal insulin, the patients who use premixed insulin had higher GV, smaller TIR and an increased incidence of hypoglycaemia. For patients who use premixed insulin and with HbA1c &amp;lt; 7%, more attention needs to be given to hypoglycaemic events and asymptomatic hypoglycaemia.    Clinical Trial Registration   ClinicalTrials.gov , identifier NCT03566472.

frontiers in endocrinology

Basal Insulin Reduces Glucose Variability and Hypoglycaemia Compared to Premixed Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Study Based on Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems