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Specific users play a key role in interactive forecast systems through user-oriented information (UOI). For hydrological users, a key component of the user-oriented forecast system (UOFS) is to determine the threshold of flood-leading precipitation (TFLP) as a target of the forecast by considering the decision-making information at the user end. This study demonstrates a novel way of simulating TFLP  via  the inverse simulation of a hydrological model, combined with the flood hazard assessment in the upper reaches of the Huai River Basin controlled by the Wang Jiaba (WJB) hydrological station. The flood hazard, defined as the probability of precipitation beyond the daily evolving TFLP for the next day, was evaluated by using the THORPEX Interactive Global Grand Ensemble (TIGGE) datasets, including 162 members retrieved from 5 TIGGE archive centers. Having integrated the real-time monitored water level (as the UOI) into the UOFS, we applied it to the flood season of 2008 as a case study to evaluate the flood hazard generated by the UOFS for the WJB sub-basin. The simulated TFLP corresponded well with the gap between the monitored and warning water level. The predicted flood hazard probability showed good agreement with the first two flood peaks at 100% accuracy, while exceeding 60% accuracy for the third flood event in that season. Thus, the flood hazard could be better quantified  via  integration of the forecasted flood-leading precipitation. Overall, this study highlights the usefulness of a UOFS coupled with interactive UOI of real-time water level to determine the dynamical TFLP for flood hazard evaluation with ensemble precipitation forecast. The early flood warning which resulted from such integrated UOFS is directly applicable to operational flood prevention and mitigation.

Evolving Threshold of Flood-Leading Precipitation in a User-Oriented Forecast System Based on the TIGGE Dataset