English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

In this study, the on-site P-wave earthquake early warning (EEW) based on the site-specific spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave to efficiently incorporate the site characteristics, which can potentially issue the earthquake warning by the time of T s-p , was developed. The spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave that are related to the source effects, the path effects, and the site effects are significantly affected by the site effects contrast to the source effects and the path effects in practical. At first, the on-site P-wave EEW method which multiplies a site-specific spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave prepared in advance by P-wave observed in the real-time at seismic stations is applied to seismic data for moderate-sized earthquakes with a magnitude ( Mj ) of 5.0–6.0, occurred in the eastern Japan, observed at both the sedimentary basin site and the rock site. As a result, this method predicted well the observed S-wave in the single indicator of SI within the logarithmic standard deviation of 0.25 as well as in the frequency of more than 0.5 Hz. It is, also, confirmed that the site-specific spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave at a seismic station was stably retrieved from 20 data samples at least. To investigate the applicability of this method to earthquake ground motions induced by a large-scaled earthquake, finally, this method is applied to seismic data during the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake, Japan ( Mw  9.0). The prediction of S-wave using a time-window of 10 s after P-wave arrived, could not reproduce the observation with the underestimation; however, the prediction of S-wave using a time-window of more than 20 s containing P-wave propagated from an area generating strong motions in the fault, could reproduce the observation. Even in the case of the large-scaled earthquake, the on-site P-wave EEW method based on the site-specific spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave at a seismic station availably works by using the gradually increasing time-windows after P-wave arrived in the single indicator of SI as well as in the frequency content, avoiding the mixture of S-wave into a part of P-wave.

Applicability of On-Site P-Wave Earthquake Early Warning to Seismic Data Observed During the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Japan