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Over the past decades, π-conjugated polymers (CPs) have drawn more and more attention and been essential materials for applications in various organic electronic devices. Thereinto, conjugated polymers based on the 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) backbone are among the high-performance materials. In order to investigate the structure–property relationships of EDOT-based polymers and further improve their electrochemical properties, a series of organic solvent–soluble EDOT-based alternative copolymers consisting of electron-rich fragments (fluorene  P1 , carbazole  P2 , and 3,4-alkoxythiophene  P3 ) or electron-deficient moieties (benzotriazole  P4  and thieno[3,4- c ]pyrrole-4,6-dione  P5 ) were synthesized  via  direct C–H (hetero)arylation polymerization (DHAP) in moderate to excellent yields (60–98%) with medium to high molecular weights ( M   n  = 3,100–94,000 Da). Owing to their various electronic and structural properties, different absorption spectra ( λ   max  = 476, 380, 558, 563, and 603 nm) as well as different specific capacitances of 70, 68, 75, 51, and 25 F/g with 19, 10, 21, 26, and 69% of capacity retention after 1,000 cycles were observed for  P1–P5 , respectively. After careful study through multiple experimental measurements and theoretical calculation, appropriate electronic characteristics, small molecular conformation differences between different oxidative states, and well-ordered molecular stacking could improve the electrochemical performance of CPs.

frontiers in chemistry

Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Soluble 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT)-Based Copolymers Synthesized via Direct (Hetero)Arylation Polymerization