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The test alumina (the so-called ι-Al 2 O 3 ) was thermally recovered at 1,100°C from chitosan-AlO x  hybrid films and found to contain Na and Ca impurity ions inherited from the parent chitosan. Two different modifications of pure alumina, namely, γ- and α-Al 2 O 3 , were adopted as control samples. The test and control aluminas were examined for 1) the bulk elemental constitution by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), 2) the surface chemical composition by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 3) the bulk phase composition by X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD),  ex-situ  Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (IR), and Laser Raman (LRa) spectroscopy, 4) the surface area, topography, and morphology by N 2  sorptiometry, and atomic force (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 5) the surface adsorptive interactions with pyridine and 2-propanol gas-phase molecules by  in-situ  IR spectroscopy of the adsorbed species, and 6) the surface catalytic interactions with 2-propanol gas-phase molecules by  in-situ  IR spectroscopy of the gas phase. Results obtained could clearly show that the test alumina (ι-Al 2 O 3 ) is only hypothetically pure alumina since in reality its bulk structure is majored by mullite-type Na-aluminate (Na 0.67 Al 6 O 9.33 /NaAlO 2 ) and minored by Na-β-alumina (Na 1.71 Al 11 O 17 ) and β-alumina (NaAl 11 O 17 ). Consistently, observed Na-influenced modifications of the surface chemistry, topology, and morphology, as well as adsorptive and catalytic interactions with pyridine and 2-propanol gas-phase molecules, showed significant deviations from those exhibited by the control pure aluminas (γ- and α-Al 2 O 3 ).

Na-Influenced Bulk and Surface Properties of the So-Called Iota(ι)-Alumina: Spectroscopy and Microscopy Studies