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This is the translation into English of the introduction, conclusion, and thelist of references of the review on massive primordial black holes, which issubmitted in Russian to Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk (Physics-Uspekhi). Ifaccepted, this review is translated into English by the Journal and publishedin Russian and a little later in English.  The review concerns the recent astronomical data which show that massiveprimordial black holes play much more significant role in the universe than itwas previously believed. This is true both for the the contemporary and theearly universe at the red-shifts about 10. The mechanism, proposed in 1993, ofprimordial creation of heavy and superheavy black holes in the very earlyuniverse is discussed. This mechanism predicts the log-normal mass spectrum ofthe primordial black holes, which became very popular during the last couple ofyears. The proposed mechanism presents a natural explanation of a large amountof the recent observational data, which do not fit the standard cosmology andastrophysics.

Massive and supermassive black holes in the contemporary and early universe and the new problems of cosmology and astrophysics