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Evidence suggests that the wintering of stock on forage crops is a significant contributor to N losses from livestock farming. Losses are likely to be exacerbated if crops are grown on shallow free-draining soils types and grazed by dairy cattle. A three-year trial (December 2008 – November 2011) was conducted in northern Southland on a soil classified as having severe vulnerability for nutrient leaching to groundwater. Porous ceramic cups were installed under a brassica crop which was grazed by dairy cows in June each year and the leachate collected regularly for N analysis. The treatments evaluated were with and without a single application of DCD applied at the time of crop grazing. Concentrations of nitrate-N in drainage water ranged from <1 mg/L initially to a peak of >40 mg/L in May 2011. Concentrations of dissolved organic N (DON) also increased from a low initial value (<4 mg/L) to peak at 48 mg/L in May 2011. Estimates of mean annual losses of total nitrogen (TN) in drainage to groundwater averaged 81 kg N/ha/yr and ranged from 8.5 kg N/ha in 2009 to 125 kg N/ha in 2011. The single post-grazing application of DCD did not significantly reduce nitrate leaching losses.

proceedings of the new zealand grassland association

The effectiveness of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) for mitigating nitrogen leaching losses from a winter grazed forage crop on a free draining soil in northern Southland.