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Introduction The attributes of 1800 ryegrass plants removed from North Island hill country aredescribed and the implications for oversowing discussed. Morphology was varied but the mean of the population was prostrate and densely tillered, resulting in dense pastures under intensive grazing. Although morphology was not related to the site of plant origin, agronomic response to low nitrogen and moisture stress was. Plants from north-facing steep areas responded least to application of nitrogen or water indicating a low relative growth rate. A probable survival mechanism for moisture-stressed plants is reduced vegetative growth and increased seed set. Response to moisture stress was found to be heritable. In moderate-high fertility steep sites total ryegrass production has not increased after oversowing new cultivars. It is assumed that this is a reflection of the number of niches available for ryegrass exploitation. Our studies show that the strength of existing ryegrass is its genetic diversity and its ability to exploit the various niches present in hill country. The growth and expansion of these ryegfass populations should be actively encouraged. In niches below the optimum for rycgrass growth new species should be introduced. Ryegrass has been an integral part of hill country pastures sincethefirstbushburnoversowings. Pastures that have not undergone any renovation for the last 50 years still have a large ryegrass component. An option for improving hill pasture productivity is to replace these resident ryegrass plants with new improved ryegrass cultivars. These have been principally produced with some specific seasonal or special attribute in view, largely used on high fertility dairy farms, whereregularpasture renovation is required. None have been specifically bred for use in hill country, and little research has been undertaken to document the characteristics of resident hillryegrassnecessaryformakingimprovements (Forde % Suckling 1980; Wedderbum et al. 1989a, 1990). This paper reviews the results of 5 years’ work conducted at the Whatawhata Research Centre describing the attributes of ryegrass plants removed from old hill pastures and discusses the implications this information has to the pasture management decisions of the future. Origin of Whatawhata Hill Ryegrass Collection

Resident ryegrass in hill country pastures