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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and plays an important role in growth, differentiation, and inflammation in different tissues. In this study, we investigated the effects of 15d-PGJ(2), a high-affinity ligand of PPAR-gamma, on dedifferentiation and on inflammatory responses such as COX-2 expression and PGE(2) production in rabbit articular chondrocytes with a focus on ERK-1/-2, p38 kinase, and PPAR-gamma activation. We report here that 15d-PGJ(2) induced dedifferentiation and/or COX-2 expression and subsequent PGE(2) production. 15d-PGJ(2) treatment stimulated activation of ERK-1/-2, p38 kinase, and PPAR-gamma. Inhibition of ERK-1/-2 with PD98059 recovered 15d-PGJ(2)-induced dedifferentiation and enhanced PPAR-gamma activation, whereas inhibition of p38 kinase with SB203580 potentiated dedifferentiation and partially blocked PPAR-gamma activation. Inhibition of ERK-1/-2 and p38 kinase abolished 15d-PGJ(2)-induced COX-2 expression and subsequent PGE(2) production. Our findings collectively suggest that ERK-1/-2 and p38 kinase oppositely regulate 15d-PGJ(2)-induced dedifferentiation through a PPAR-gamma-dependent mechanism, whereas COX-2 expression and PGE(2) production is regulated by ERK-1/-2 through a PPAR-gamma-independent mechanism but not p38 kinase in articular chondrocytes. Additionally, these data suggest that targeted modulation of the PPAR-gamma and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway may offer a novel approach for therapeutic inhibition of joint tissue degradation.

journal of korean medical science/journal of korean medical science

ERK-1/-2 and p38 Kinase Oppositely Regulate 15-deoxy-Δ<sub>12,14</sub>-prostaglandinJ<sub>2</sub>-Induced PPAR-γ Activation That Mediates Dedifferentiation But Not Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Articular Chondrocytes

ERK-1/-2 and p38 Kinase Oppositely Regulate 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandinJ2-Induced PPAR-γ Activation That Mediates Dedifferentiation But Not Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Articular Chondrocytes

ERK-1/-2 and p38 Kinase Oppositely Regulate 15-deoxy-Δ_12,14-prostaglandinJ₂-Induced PPAR-γ Activation That Mediates Dedifferentiation But Not Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Articular Chondrocytes