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Stage-specific antigen-4 (SSEA-4) positive cells and carcinoembryonic antigen-cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM-1) positive cells, indicative of pluripotent stem cells and totipotent stem cells, respectively, have been isolated and characterized from the skeletal muscle and blood of adult animals, including humans. The current study was undertaken to determine their location in the dermis and underlying connective tissues of the adult pig. Adult pigs were euthanized following the guidelines of Fort Valley State University’s IACUC. The skin (epidermis through hypodermis) was harvested, fixed, cryosectioned, and stained with the two antibodies: SSEA-4 and CEACAM-1. SSEA-4 positive cells were located preferentially in the reticular dermis of the skin and to some extent in the underlying hypodermis. In contrast, CEA-CAM-1 positive stem cells were preferentially located within the hypodermis of the pig skin within the loose fibrous connective tissues surrounding adipose tissue. CEA-CAM-1 positive cells were also located, to a lesser extent, in the dermis as well. These results demonstrate the presence of native populations of pluripotent stem cells and totipotent stem cells within the dermis, hypodermis, and adipose tissue of adult pig skin. Studies are ongoing to address the functional significance of these cells in normal injury and repair.

Healing Cells in the Dermis and Adipose Tissues of the Adult Pig