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BackgroundClaudin-1 is a tight junction protein in the cell that organizes paracellular permeability and epithelial polarity and maintains apical cell-to-cell adhesion. Deregulation of claudin-1 homeostasis will play pivotal role in tumorigenesis, migration, and metastasis of colorectal cancer through a complex signaling pathway. This study investigated the association of claudin-1 expression and clinicopathological factors in colorectal adenocarcinoma.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional study of 43 colorectal cancer patients. Each clinicopathological parameter data was divided into 2 categories; depth of tumor invasion (T3, T4), degree of tumor differentiation (low, high grade), tumor location (right, left), sex (man,   woman) and age (u003c60, ≥60 y.o). Claudin-1 expression was examined by the   immunohistochemistry method and evaluated by H-Score method. The H-score cut off was determined by the mean value of 148. The difference of claudin-1 expression score with tumor depth invasion and age was analyzed by Independent t-test, and then the degree of differentiation, tumor location and sex were analyzed by Mann-Whitney. All variables were analyzed by the Chi-square analysis with a significance value of   Pu003c.05.ResultsThere was a significant mean difference of claudin-1 expression between T3 and T4 tumors (  P  =.041; 95% CI 1.7-75.1). Tumor with low expression of claudin-1 was 2.5 times more likely to be found in tumor with invasion depth T4 rather than T3 (  P  =.023; 95% CI 1.5-48). In addition, tumor with low expression of claudin-1 was 0.2 times more likely to be found in the high-grade tumor (  P  =.001; 95% CI 0.07-0.4)  .   Claudin-1 expression was not statistically significant in different tumor locations, sex and age group.ConclusionThere was mean difference in claudin-1 expression between T3 and T4 tumors, and between low- and high-grade tumors. The low claudin-1 expression is associated with tumor depth invasion and poorly differentiated tumors. Therefore, the use of claudin-1 as an additional prognostic factor in colorectal cancer is proposed.

Low Claudin-1 Expression Has Association with Deep Invading and Higher-Grade Colorectal Adenocarcinoma