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This prospective randomized trial was carried out to test the efficacy of a specific intervention for redu- cing the extent of their malnutrition and to change behaviour of mothers relating to child-feeding prac- tices, care-giving, and health-seeking practices under the Bangladesh Integrated Nutrition Project (BINP). The study was conducted in rural Bangladesh among 282 moderately-malnourished (weight-for-age bet- ween 61% and 75% of median of the National Center for Health Statistics standard) children aged 6-24 months. Mothers of the first intervention group received intensive nutrition education (INE group) twice a week for three months. The second intervention group received the same nutrition education, and their children received additional supplementary feeding (INE+SF group). The comparison group received nutrition education from the community nutrition promoters twice a month according to the standard routine service of BINP. The children were observed for a further six months. After three months of interventions, a significantly higher proportion of children in the INE and INE+SF groups improved (37% and 47% respectively) from moderate to mild or normal nutrition compared to the comparison group (18%) (p<0.001). At the end of six months of observation, the nutritional status of children in the intervention groups improved further from moderate to mild or normal nutrition compared to the com- parison group (59% and 86% vs 30%, p<0.0001). As the intensive nutrition education and supplemen- tation given were highly effective, more children improved from moderate malnutrition to mild or nor- mal nutritional status despite a higher incidence of morbidity. The frequency of child feeding and home- based complementary feeding improved significantly (p<0.001) in both the intervention groups after three months of interventions and six months of observation. Body-weight gain was positively associated with age, length-for-age, weight-for-length, frequency of feeding of khichuri, egg, and potato (p<0.05). Ability of mothers to identify malnutrition improved from 15% to 99% in the INE group and from 15% to 100% in the INE+SF group, but reduced from 24% to 21% in the comparison group. Use of sepa- rate feed pots, frequency of feeding, and cooking of additional complementary feeds improved sig- nificantly in the INE and INE+SF groups compared to the comparison group after three months of inter- ventions and six months of observation. It can be concluded from the findings of the study that inten- sive nutrition education significantly improves the status of moderately-malnourished children with or without supplementary feeding.

Intensive nutrition education with or without supplementary feeding improves the nutritional status of moderately-malnourished children in Bangladesh.