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The aim of this paper is to estimate erosion damage under any condition involving impact angle, impact velocity and shape and size of solid particles. Erosion tests were carried out on six metallic materials using angular silica sand, silicon carbide and glass bead particles at impact angles ranging from 3 to 90 degrees and at impact velocities of less than 120 m/s in a sand blast type test rig. The dependence of normalized erosion damage, the relative damage to that at normal angle, on impact angle was investigated under the foregoing conditions. The impact angle dependence of normalized erosion damage was hardly affected by both the impact velocity and the particle size. On the other hand, the shape of the particles had a marked effect on the impact angle dependence for the softer materials. Round particles moved the impact angle of maximum erosion rate to higher impact angles than those angular particles did, for aluminium and iron specimens. The impact angle, the shape of particles and material hardness were revealed to be effective factors on the amount of erosion damage. Finally normalized erosion damage curves for tested materials were well simulated with an exponential equation which was expressed as the product of cutting and plastic damage term with the parameters of impact angle and material hardness. Moreover, the two exponential variables of the equation were reasonably related to the material hardness. These results suggested the possibility of estimating erosion damage at given impact angle from that at the normal impact angle.

Impact Angle Dependence of Erosion by Solid Particle Impact for Metallic Materials