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In aqueous media at ~50 °C, two new iron(III) complexes, [Fe3(μ-CO3)(NH3)(μ-OH)2(H2O)5 (μ-H2O)(OH)4]Cl·6H2O and [Fe3(μ-CO3)(NH3)(μ-OH)2(H2O)5(μ-H2O) (OH)4]NO3·6H2O, were synthesized from FeCl3·6H2O and Fe(NO3)3·9H2O with urea, a simple organic compound. These complexes were used as the primary precursors for iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticle (NP) preparation via a thermal decomposition route at a low temperature (600 °C) in a static air atmosphere. The complexes of iron(III) were analyzed through FTIR spectroscopy, thermal properties, conductivity and magnetic moment measurements, while the oxide materials were characterized through UV-Vis, XRD and SEM measurements. The study also aimed to investigate the performance and capacity of Fe2O3 NPs for the removal of some heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) ions. The optimum adsorbent dose, contact time, and pH values for maximum Cd, Pb and Hg metal ion removal were identified. The adsorption behavior was found to be highly pH-dependent, and the Fe2O3 NPs selectively absorbed Cd, Pb and Hg metal ions from wastewater.

Synthesis of iron(III) oxide nanoparticles via simple and cheap procedures for adsorption of environmentally harmful toxic heavy metals