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In this study, modified electrodes based on reduced graphene oxide modified with iron (II) phthalocyanine or nickel (II) phthalocyanine were used for determination of lead in different types of water samples using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The lowest limits of quantification obtained, were 0.001035 μg L for the modified electrodes, and 0.00207 μg L for unmodified electrodes, with a correlation coefficient (R) between 0.996 and 0.997. The results obtained for the different sensors on real water samples were compared with the standard ISO method (SR EN ISO 11885:2009) using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and it can be seen that all the sensors compared very well for the determination of Pb ions in different types of water.

Phtalacyanine modified electrodes based on reduced graphene oxide for determination of lead in different types of water