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Cold work tool steels are used for punching, cutting, forming, cold forging, cold extrusion, cold rolling...etc. Those steels have hard microstructure compared to most other steels, but the everlasting challenge is the enough strength to toughness relation, without immediate fracture. Carbides provide the wear resistance, acting as the hard phase of the material. Variation in size and fraction of the carbides, depending of manufacturing route, alloy content, hot working/forging and heat treatment, will give the tool steel the desired mechanical properties. However, conventional cast-tooling is the major production route used, which could be followed by a process called electro slag refining/ re-melting (ESR) where the non-metallic inclusion content is lowered. Conventional casting has a lower production cost per unit than the conventional processing routes. The disadvantage though is a more heterogeneous material, due to segregation of primary or leduburitic carbide net cells. In this investigation a trial was made to control the distribution and morphology of primary carbides in the matrices of marten site by spheroidizing them through molten metal treatment or heat treatment processes. Types and distributions of different carbides in the matrix was measured using X-ray diffraction and SEM/EDX units. Industrial performance has been recorded for the optimized pressing dies as compared with the same imported dies created through the conventional forged or rolled-machined ones. Hardness and fracture toughness were measured for both experimental specimens and the actual working die. Introduction & Aim of Research Cold work tool steels are essentially high carbon steels, which may contain additions of tungsten, manganese, chromium and molybdenum. These alloy additions increase harden ability, permitting oil quenching with less distortion than with the water quenched series. The oil quenched series consists of relatively inexpensive steels, and their high carbon content produces adequate wear resistance for short run applications. The whole group of cold work tool steels are summarized as in the following (Table 1) [1-2]. Table: 1 Classification of cold work tool steels, UNS, AISI, SAE [1] Tool Steel Type Prefix Specific Types Cold Work W Water Hardening W1, W2, W5 0 Oil Hardening 01, 02, 06, 07 A Medium alloy Air Hardening A2, AS, A6, A7, A7, A8, A9, A10, A11 D High Cariron High Chromium D2, D3, D4, D5, D7 In this group of steels, many manufacturers market steels of composition adjusted to meet specific requirements. Undoubtedly, this group of steels can be classed among the largest tonnage used for tool manufacture, the reason being that it is the least expensive; affording a high degree of non-distortion in heat treatment and for short run application cannot really be rivaled. It is used for all types of blanking and forming dies, gauges, collets, etc. In the annealed condition, these steels consist of ferrite and carbide, essentially Fe3C but with a portion of the carbide formers present. If we consider the D series as typical cold work tool steels, the presence of manganese, chromium, molybdenum and cobalt in solution in the matrix considerably increase the depth of hardening, enabling sections up to 200 mm diameter to harden throughout [2-4]. Today tools made of cold-work and high-speed steels need to fulfill everincreasing requirements. On the one hand, this is a consequence of more modern production facilities and optimized manufacturing processes. On the other, these stem from constantly increasing demands made on the quality of the products to be manufactured. As a consequence, the use of the right steel with the best performance for the tool application is decisive and ensures a length of the tool's Journal of Applied Material Science & Engineering Research

Optimizing the Morphology of Primary Carbides and Mechanical Properties during Processing Of Cast-Steel (Din Gx210crv12 1) Press-Forming Dies