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Most of shearwaters and storm-petrels are active during the night at the breeding colonies and some of them decreased activities when there is moonlight (Warham 1960, Harris 1966, 1969, Harris 1974, Boersma et al. 1980, Watanuki 1986). This nocturnal and moonlight avoidance behavior are thought to be effective for reducing predatoon risk of diurnal avian predators (Warham 1990). As non-breeders have less nest-duties than breeders do, non-breeders are expected to have higher potential to reduce activities under the moonlight (Harris 1974, Watanuki 1986). High prey abundance in the sea surface layer in the nights is also expected to induce the nocturnal behavior of surface feeding storm-petrels (Grubb 1974). In order to examine the effects of moonlight on feeding and landing activities of non-breeders and breeders of Leach's Storm-petrels (Oceanodroma leucorhoa ), a study was carried out at Daikoku Island, Hokkaido, Japan. If only non-breeders avoid moonlight, the proportion of breeders should be greater on moonlight nights. If they are obligatory nocturnal feeders at the sea, breeders with undigested prey items visit the colony for nest duties any time in the nights.

Moonlight and Activity of Breeders and Non-breeders of Leach's Storm-petrels.