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Although the family Vangidae provides one of the most striking examples of adaptive radiation in the avifauna of Madagascar, basic information on the breeding biology of each species is lacking. To examine the breeding system of the White-headed Vanga Leptopterus viridis, a species endemic to Madagascar, we studied the contributions made by males and females of nine pairs (involving nine banded individuals) to nest building, incubating, brooding, and feeding the young. The study was conducted from November to December in 1999 and 2000 at the Strict Nature Reserve of Ankarafantsika (Ampijoroa). Males defended dispersed territories, individual males paired with single females, and all observed copulations took place between females and males on whose territories they nested. During the nest-building stage, males and females provided material in equal proportion. Both sexes participated in incubating and brooding. During the nestling period, both sexes delivered food (mainly spiders and caterpillars) to the nestlings. In two of nine pairs, pairs and extra birds whose greater coverts were molting shared the territory and extra birds allopreened with pairs. Using the CHD gene sexing method, we determined that two of these extra birds were males. These extra males did not help feed young, but they mobbed animals that approached the nest. These results suggest that White-headed Vangas are cooperative breeders (of the singular-breeding type), where immature males assist in mobbing.

Cooperative Breeding of the White-headed Vanga Leptopterus viridis, an Endemic Species in Madagascar.