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EnglishThis article aims to present the contributions of Ludwig Wittgenstein to the foundation of psychological knowledge and practice. This will be done in two fundamental movements: first, we will reconstruct Wittgenstein's interlocutors (empirical psychology, phenomenology and Freudian psychoanalysis) and the questions that were presupposed in each of them (Cartesianism and imprecise use of language). Second, we will argue about the analytic method that Wittgenstein chose to deal with these questions. This means at least two things: (1) Wittgenstein assumes that the descriptive language (of facts in the world) is the standard for human interlocution, but that expressive language (of subjective occurrences) also has its place of importance, still that with reservations; (2) this distinction of grammars will justify his method of dealing with psychological issues: through the interpretation and description of behavior, understood as an external manifestation of inner experiences, the third person will have privileged access to the occurrences of first-person consciousness. We will conclude with critical considerations on the benefits and shortcomings of the Wittgensteinian approach. portuguesO presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as contribuicoes de Ludwig Wittgenstein a fundamentacao do saber e pratica psicologica. Isso sera feito em dois movimentos fundamentais: em primeiro lugar, reconstruiremos os interlocutores de Wittgenstein (psicologia empirica, fenomenologia e psicanalise freudiana) e as questoes que estavam pressupostas em cada um deles (cartesianismo e uso impreciso da linguagem). Em segundo lugar, argumentaremos sobre o metodo analitico que Wittgenstein escolheu para lidar com essas questoes. Isto significa, pelo menos, duas coisas: (1) Wittgenstein assume que a linguagem descritiva (dos fatos no mundo) e o padrao para a interlocucao humana, mas que tambem a linguagem expressiva (das ocorrencias subjetivas) tem seu lugar de importância, ainda que com ressalvas; (2) essa distincao de gramaticas fundamentara o seu metodo de lidar com as questoes psicologicas: atraves da interpretacao e descricao do comportamento, entendido como manifestacao externa das vivencias internas, a terceira pessoa tera um acesso privilegiado as ocorrencias da consciencia da primeira pessoa. Concluiremos o trabalho com consideracoes criticas sobre os beneficios e as deficiencias da abordagem wittgensteiniana.

Contribuições e limites da abordagem analítica na filosofia da psicologia de Ludwig Wittgenstein