English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Immediately after independence in 1947, Urdu became the national language of Pakistan. The constitution of 1973 promised the realization of this goal in Article 251. This paper analyses the causes of its lack of implementation with the help of textual analysis of archival sources. A historical overview of the introduction and domination of the English language in South Asia through colonial machinery explains the reasons for ambivalence about English and Urdu language to be entrenched in the colonial legacy and anticolonial nationalism. The lack of capacity and will combines with the forces for globalism in enhancing the position of the English language in Pakistan. Further, the association of English and Urdu with the existing class division has reduced the debate about language policy to rhetorical postures. The paper proposes a reconsideration of the historical top-down formation of language policy and planning and its replacement with a renewed bottom-up approach where diversity in Pakistan is accessed as a resource instead of treating it as a problem.

Challenges and Opportunities of English and Urdu contest: Language Planning and the Implementation of Article 251 in Pakistan