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The Melkites of Cyprus like the Georgians identified with the Greek Church and followed their rite. They began settling on Cyprus during the later Byzantine period and were prominent on Lusignan Cyprus (1192-1474) as traders, especially in Famagusta, the chief port of the island. In Syria and Lebanon from the time of the seventh century Arab conquest onwards they had developed a distinct religious identity in opposition to both Muslims and non-Chalcedonian Christians, expressed through a tradition of composition or translation of religious works into Arabic. This tradition continued on Cyprus. Since, however, most of the Cypriot population were Chalcedonian Christians, Latin, Greek or Maronites, the Melkites on Cyprus were absorbed by degrees into the Latin ruling class and the Greek majority population. The absence of a politically and numerically dominant Muslim ‘other’ and of important non-Chalcedonian Christian groups facilitated this absorption. The Melkites who can also be called Syrian Orthodox were Syrian Chalcedonian Christians, who developed a distinct religious identity during the period 750 to 1050 under Muslim rule. They were Orthodox Christians like the Greeks but used the Arabic language in everyday discourse and also to articulate their doctrine and worship, a process involving the translation of Greek texts into Arabic, although their liturgical languages were Syriac and Greek and they adhered to the Greek liturgy. They developed a distinct religious identity emphasizing their differences firstly from the Muslims and secondly from non-Chalcedonian Christians, these non-Chalcedonian 1 Cyprus Research Centre, Ministry of Education and Culture, Republic of Cyprus. Chronos Revue d’Histoire de l’Université de Balamand Numéro 40, 2019, ISSN 1608 7526 THE SYRIAN MELKITES OF THE LUSIGNAN KINGDOM OF CYPRUS (1192-1474)

The Syrian Melkites of the Lusignan Kingdom of Cyprus (1192-1474)