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The highly attenuated modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) strain of vaccinia virus was used as a vector for the delivery of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and nucleoprotein (NP) genes from the HlNl human isolate, A/PR/8/34 (PR/8). The level of antigenic relatedness and serologic cross-reactivity between the HA and NP genes of PR/8, the MVA recombinant (MVA-HA-NP), and various swine and turkey influenza virus isolates was examined. It was determined that, serologically, the HlNl swine and turkey isolates are closely related compared to the human PR/8 HlNl strain. In addition, twenty pigs, or five groups of four pigs each, were challenged intranasally with 10* EID50 of Sw/IN/1726/88 propagated in embryonated chicken eggs. Two groups had been previously vaccinated twice with the M\''A recombinant, one group intramuscularly and the other intranasally. Another two groups were vaccinated similarly with the parental MVA strain. The fifl:h group remained unvaccinated. Pigs vaccinated with the MVA recombinant had significantly less duration and lower titer of viral shedding, compared to those vaccinated with the parental strain and nonvaccinated 49 challenged controls. This protection was presumably due to cell-mediated immune response generated against NP, since humoral response to both HA and NP was undetectable up to the day of challenge. All pigs had comparable titers to swine influenza virus HA at 7 days post challenge, whereas those vaccinated wnth the recombinant virus had significantly greater serologic response to NP when compared to the controls. Also, it was determined that MVA-HA-NP was avirulent for mice when given by intracranial, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous route of inoculation. The host restriction of MVA strain replication, previously reported for numerous mammalian species, was confirmed in vitro through immunostaining of porcine cell culture.

The development and use of a poxvirus vector system to protect pigs against swine influenza virus