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Systematic spatial and temporal fluctuations are a fundamental part of any biological process. For example, lateral diffusion of membrane proteins is one of the key mechanisms in their cellular function. Lateral diffusion governs how membrane proteins interact with intracellular, transmembrane, and extracellular components to achieve their function. Herein, fluorescence-based techniques are used to elucidate the dynamics of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and integrin membrane proteins. RAGE is a transmembrane protein that is being used as a biomarker for various diseases. RAGE dependent signaling in numerous pathological conditions is well studied. However, RAGE lateral diffusion in the cell membrane is poorly understood. For this purpose, effect of cholesterol, cytoskeleton dynamics, and presence of ligand on RAGE lateral diffusion is investigated. RAGE diffusion in the cell membrane is probed with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and single particle tracking (SPT). The ensemble diffusion measurement of RAGE with FRAP indicated that RAGE diffuses freely in the cell membrane with a large mobile fraction. Also, a decrease in the mobile fraction is observed when the actin cytoskeleton dynamics are altered with cytoskeletal drugs cytochalasin-D and Jasplakinolide. Further, RAGE signaling is observed to be dependent on an intact actin cytoskeleton in cells. On the other hand, confined diffusion of RAGE is measured when the lateral diffusion is probed one protein at a time with SPT. Methylglyoxal modified-bovine serum albumin (MGO-BSA) is used as a RAGE ligand to study how the presence of ligand affects RAGE lateral diffusion. RAGE’s affinity for ligand increases linearly with the net negative surface charge on the MGO-BSA. Although incubation of MGO-BSA with different percent primary amine modification changes the diffusion

Spatial and temporal dynamics of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, integrins, and actin cytoskeleton as probed with fluorescence-based imaging techniques