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Soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV) rapidly became a widespread soybean (Glycine max) virus within a few years of its initial confirmation in 2008. The economic impact of soybean vein necrosis (SVN) disease remains unknown. Soybean is a crop of global importance with nearly 4 billion bushels of soybeans produced in the United States in 2014. This study was designed to pursue two main questions; is there any yield loss or change in seed quality associated with SVN and are there horticultural or cover crop species that could be serving as sources of SVNV inoculum? In order to determine if there was any yield loss or change in seed quality associated with SVN, field studies were conducted in six states in 2013, 2014, and 2015. Quantitative parameters, including seeds per pod, pods per plant, yield, and 100-count seed weight, as well as qualitative parameters, including protein and oil concentration, were assessed from plants or seeds collected from research and commercial production fields. Results of this study did not find any impact on yield by SVN. However, seed quality was affected. In Iowa, oil concentration decreased by 0.11% as disease incidence increased by 1% (P=0.04). Changes in fatty acid profiles of seed were also observed; linolenic, linoleic and stearic acids decreased between 0.5 and 0.15% in 2 of 6 locations that were tested. These results suggest that infection by SVNV negatively affects soybean seed quality, which may affect the marketability of soybeans for premium markets.

Soybean vein necrosis virus: impacts of infection on yield loss and seed quality and expansion of plant host range