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Fusarium virguliforme Aoki, O’Donnell, Homma and Lattanzi (FV), a causal organism of sudden death syndrome (SDS), and Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), are two of the most important soil-borne pathogens affecting soybean production in the USA. These pathogens often occur together in production fields and interact, which results in significant yield losses. In co-infected plants, SDS symptoms appear earlier and are more severe than in plants infected by FV alone. However, the mechanism of the SCN-FV interaction remains unclear. Fusarium virguliforme is able to infect soybean plants of different growth stages, but plants infected at younger stages develop more severe foliar SDS symptoms than plants infected later. The effect of SCN infection on age-related resistance to SDS is unknown. A set of greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate: 1) how the presence of SCN in soybean roots affects the FV infection process and SDS severity, and characterize the effect of water availability on the SCN-FV interaction in soybean roots, and 2) investigate if age-related resistance of older soybean plants to SDS is affected by SCN infection. Foliar SDS severity was always greater in co-infected plants than in plants infected by FV alone in all experiments. The amount of available soil water affected foliar SDS severity. Plants grown under normal watering showed more foliar SDS than plants in reduced watering treatments. Foliar severity, expressed as the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), was greater in the SCN-susceptible cultivar (AG2403) than in the SCN-resistant cultivar (MACO24757).

Influence of Heterodera glycines infection, plant age and water availability on foliar symptoms of sudden death syndrome, root symptom severity and root morphology of soybean plants infected by Fusarium virguliforme