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Experiments were conducted exploring potential str tegies to mitigate the negative effects of heat stress in chickens. In the first ex periment, broilers were placed in environments which were heat treated (HT), thermone utral (TN), or thermo-neutral coupled with pair-feeding (TN-PF). Birds were fed d iets containing either DL-methionine (DLM) or 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid (HMTBA ) formulated to adequate or super-adequate levels of digestible sulfur amino ac ids (DSAA). Reduced (GSH), oxidized (GSSG), and total (TGSH) glutathione as well glutat hione peroxidase (GPx) activity were measured to assess antioxidant capacity. Thiobarbit uric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured to assess lipid peroxidation. Several blood variables were also measured. Responses were measured at 6 hours (acute) and 6 da ys (chronic). Growth over 6 days was impaired by HT ( P < 0.01). Blood variables were altered during the ac ute phase. Birds fed DLM during the acute phase exhibited lower TBARS co ncentrations than those fed HMTBA (P = 0.02). Concentrations of GSSG were lower ( P < 0.01) in birds receiving super-adequate DSAA than those receiving adequate D SAA in the acute phase. During the chronic phase, GSH and TGSH concentrations were hig her (P = 0.02) in the HT group compared to the TN group. There were no effects on GPx activity. During the second experiment, broiler x Fayoumi crosses were incubate d a normal incubation temperature (NI; 37.8°C) or elevated incubation temperature (EI ; 39.5°C) from embryonic day -12 to 4. Birds were then placed in TN or cyclical HT from 22 to 28 days of age. Growth performance and feed dry matter digestibility were assessed from 21 to 28 days of age. An interaction occurred where birds in the EI group in HT environments had higher

Mitigation strategies to ameliorate acute and chronic heat stress utilizing supplemental methionine or embryonic thermal conditioning in chickens