Characterization of the hydrodynamic structure of a 3D acoustic fluidized bed

xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Objectives 3 1.3 Overview 3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1 Fluidization 5 2.1.1 Fluidized Beds 5 2.1.2 Fluidization Regimes 8 2.1.3 Fluidized Bed Hydrodynamics 10 2.1.3.1 Minimum Fluidization Velocity 10 2.1.3.2 Gas Holdup 13 2.1.3.3 Jetting Phenomena 14 2.1.4 Vibration Effects on Fluidized Bed Hydrodynamics 16 2.1.4.1 Mechanical Vibrations 17 2.1.4.2 Acoustic Vibrations 18 2.2 Fluidized Bed Hydrodynamics: Measurement Techniques 21 2.2.1 Noninvasive Measurement Techniques 21 2.2.2.1 X-Ray Computed Tomography 23 2.3 Summary 27 CHAPTER 3: EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 28 3.1 Equipment 28