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Independent groups of researchers have investigated video game effects on cognitive control (Mathews et al., 2005), affective processing (Kirsh & Mounts, 2007), and visuospatial processing (Green & Bavelier, 2003). However, no published research has studied all three domains in the same sample of gamers and non-gamers. In the current study nonviolent and violent gamers, and non-gamers performed two tasks tapping each of these three domains; the Stroop and N-back tasks for cognitive control, the picture rating and emotion search tasks for affective processing, and the enumeration and the visual short-term memory tasks for visuospatial processing. Consistent with past research (Bailey, West, & Anderson, 2009), there was a negative relationship between video game experience and proactive cognitive control that was more pronounced in the violent gamers than nonviolent gamers. There was a fundamental shift in the processing of violent and positive affective information in the violent gamers relative to the non-gamers and nonviolent gamers. The violent gamers appeared to have a greater span of apprehension and visual short-term memory capacity relative to non-gamers and nonviolent gamers, which is also consistent with past research. The findings of the current study emphasize the need to investigate the effects of different video game genres as they may not influence cognitive control, affective processing, and visuospatial processing in the same way.

Individual differences in video game experience: Cognitive control, affective processing, and visuospatial processing