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Pseudomonas syringae is a model bacterial plant pathogen that is adapted for growth and survival on leaf surfaces and in the leaf interior of its host plants. P. syringae likely experiences distinct environmental conditions in different phases of its interaction with plants. In this study, we used global transcriptome profiling of P. syringae pv. syringae B728a to analyze genes and traits that were responsive to growth and survival on the leaf surface versus in the leaf apoplast. We found that the epiphytic environment specifically favors active relocation via flagellar motility, swarming motility, chemosensing, and chemotaxis, whereas the apoplastic environment favors traits contributing to virulence including the synthesis of two phytotoxins and syingolin A as well as the degradation of an alternative amino acid that suppresses virulence. Through comparing the transcriptomes of in planta cells to those of cells exposed to various stresses in culture media, we found that water limitation is a major stress that limits B728a growth and survival in these leaf habitats. P. syringae can adapt to water stress by the production of a potent compatible solute, trehalose. Distinct P. syringae strains vary in their ability to tolerate water stress, possibly due, in part, to differences in the production or regulation of trehalose. To investigate this possibility, we compared the relative contribution of the trehalose biosynthetic pathways to trehalose synthesis in two closely related P. syringae strains B728a and DC3000 and characterized an apparent interdependency between these pathways. Our data showed that, of the two trehalose biosynthesis pathways, only one was required for trehalose production in B728a whereas both were needed in DC3000, and moreover that differences in trehalose production may help explain differences in their water stress tolerance. Lastly, to understand the

Characterization of multiple regulatory networks and responses to environmental signals in Pseudomonas syringae during its association with plants