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In recent years, conversion of crop and marginal land to reconstructed prairie has been gaining momentum, due to the prairies’ aesthetic and environmental values. However, little attention has been given to the belowground biogeochemical processes, which have potential to reduce soil erosion, and sequester significant amounts of atmospheric CO2 in the soil. The general objectives of this study were to determine the effects of years since establishment and slope position on soil C dynamics of reconstructed prairies by (1) quantifying changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (TN) stocks, (2) establishing whether a site is a sink or source for CO2 by measuring potential C input and C loss via microbial respiration, (3) potential erosion effects by measuring water infiltration, and (4) examining the interrelationships between soil aggregation and SOC sequestration. The study was conducted in Jasper and Warren counties in Iowa. Soils in both Jasper and Warren counties formed in loess under native vegetation of tallgrass prairie. All of the reconstructed prairie sites were located in the Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge. The remnant prairie was located approximately 95 kilometers southwest in Rolling Thunder Prairie in Warren County. All sampling plots were located on summit, mid-slope, and toeslope positions and were chosen by year of establishment and the presence of relatively similar soils. There were three reconstructed prairie sites varying in establishment year: 1993, 1998, and 2003. These sites were then compared to an adjacent row crop production site, categorized as a no-till site, established in 2003. A prairie remnant site was included to identify the upper limits for selected soil properties, prior to conversion to cultivated row crop production. The experiment was designed so that site was the main treatment, replicated three times along different slope positions in plots of approximately 4 m and 30 m apart.

Effects of landscape position and age of reconstructed prairies in previously cultivated land on soil carbon dynamics and physical properties