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Purpose:	 The	 purpose	 of	 this	 study	 was	 to	 compare	 the	 stress	 responses	 of	 an occupationally-­‐relevant	 stress	 (ORS)	 in	 a	 virtual	 reality	 environment	 to	 a	 well-­‐ established	 laboratory	 stressor	 (LS). Hypothesis:	 It	 was	 hypothesized	 that	 the	 ORS	 would	 be	 as	 effective	 at	 eliciting	 a stress	 response	 as	 a	 well-­‐established	 LS. Methods:	 Firefighters	 (n=14)	 from	 Iowa	 underwent	 two	 different	 stressor scenarios:	 LS	 and	 ORS.	 Heart	 rate	 (HR),	 mean	 arterial	 pressure	 (MAP),	 stroke	 volume (SV),	 cardiac	 output	 (CO),	 pre-­‐ejection	 period	 (PEP),	 and	 total	 peripheral	 resistance (TPR)	 were	 continuously	 assessed	 throughout	 the	 two	 scenarios.	 Subjective	 measures of	 affect	 (“arousal”	 and	 “pleasure”)	 and	 workload	 were	 assessed	 immediately	 after	 each stressor. Results:	 No	 significant	 differences	 in	 mean	 responses	 of	 HR,	 MAP,	 SV,	 CO,	 PEP, and	 TPR	 were	 found	 between	 the	 LS	 and	 ORS.	 There	 were	 no	 statistical	 differences	 in all	 physiological	 responses	 throughout	 the	 journeys	 of	 the	 LS	 vs.	 ORS.	 Measures	 of “arousal”	 were	 similar	 in	 the	 ORS	 and	 LS,	 while	 measures	 of	 “pleasure”	 were significantly	 higher	 in	 the	 ORS	 (p<0.05).	 Workload	 scores	 were	 significantly	 higher	 in the	 LS	 than	 the	 ORS	 (p<0.0001). Discussion:	 Although	 subjective	 measures	 of	 “pleasure”	 and	 workload	 were different	 between	 the	 LS	 and	 ORS,	 the	 firefighters	 had	 similar	 physiological	 stress responses.	 This	 suggests	 that	 the	 ORS	 is	 at	 least	 as	 stressful	 as	 the	 LS	 in	 terms	 of physiological	 responses	 and	 is	 a	 valid	 stressor	 for	 firefighters	 when	 compared	 to	 a	 well-­‐

Firefighters' stress response to a virtual reality occupationally relevant stressor and a virtual reality laboratory stressor