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The marine bivalve species, Arctica islandica, was reared under experimental conditions for 29 weeks in the Gulf of Maine in order to determine the relationship between the carbon isotope composition of shell carbonate (δCS) and ambient seawater dissolved inorganic carbon (δCDIC), as well as to approximate the metabolic contribution (CM) to shell material. Three experimental environments were compared: two flow-through tanks (one at ambient seawater conditions, one with additional food added) and an in-situ cage. Each environment contained 50 juveniles and 30 adults. Both juvenile (2-3 yrs) and adult (19-64 yrs) specimens displayed average percent CM of less than 10% when using three different proxies of respired carbon: digestive gland, adductor muscle and sediment. Hence, the primary control on δCS values is ambient DIC. The relationship between δCDIC and δCS for 114 individuals used in the study was: δCDIC = δCS – 0.96‰ (±0.32‰). No ontogenetic effect on δCS was observed, and growth rates did not generally impact δCS values. Shell material derived from the long-lived ocean quahog (Arctica islandica) constitutes a viable proxy for paleo-DIC from the extratropical Atlantic Ocean.

Pursuing a proxy for carbon cycling in the temperate North Atlantic: Investigation of the utility of Arctica islandica shell carbonate to millennial-scale dissolved inorganic carbon reconstructions