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Community Based Tourism (CBT) is among several types of tourism that have been considered sustainable and benefi cial to the host populations in conservation areas. Th e local community participation in tourism in conservation areas is supposed to be high and its members should benefi t from the tourism process. However, having been presented with opportunity to improve their livelihoods, communities are constrained in various ways and generally fail to benefi t from tourism development. Th is study was set to investigate constraints to community participation in conservation areas. It was carried out in Mwaluganje Elephant Sanctuary (MES) in Kwale County, Kenya, using a descriptive survey design. Data was collected using researcher administered questionnaires and oral interviews. Th e results indicated that lack of coordination among stakeholders; inadequate fi nancial resources, lack of conducive environment for tourism growth, and lack of skills/ knowledge were major constraints to participation. Th e study concludes that to address both operational and structural constraints to community participation, the national and county governments should develop policies that compel investors to honour agreements with communities, assist communities to enter into fair collaborations with investors, and provide incentives to investors in tourism. Copyright © 2020 Authors Published by: Janapriya Multiple Campus (JMC), Pokhara, Tribhuvan University, Nepal ISSN 2645-8683 Journal of Tourism & Adventure Constraints to Community Participation in Tourism in Kenya: Th e Mwaluganje Elephant Sanctuary

Constraints to Community Participation in Tourism in Kenya: The Mwaluganje Elephant Sanctuary