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Both nuclease PI treatment and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to enrich hydrophobic/bulky DNA adducts in DNA digests.  32 P-postlabeling procedures and thin layer chromatography were then used to detect and quantitate aromatic/bulky DNA adducts. For both human and fish DNA from individuals exposed to environmental carcinogens, the nuclease PI and HPLC enrichment procedures generally gave similar results. The bottom sediments of the Buffalo and Detroit rivers are contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogens, and brown bullheads in these rivers show a high rate of liver cancer. Compared to DNA from control fish raised in aquariums, DNA of livers of brown bullheads from the polluted rivers exhibited elevated levels of DNA adducts. DNA from human oral mucosal cells and lymphocytes exhibited DNA adducts, but adducts levels did not differ significantly in smokers and nonsmokers. Adduct levels in DNA from human lung biopsy tissue, however, were elevated in smokers compared to nonsmokers. In former smokers, adducts levels were highest in those who had recently quit, and lowest in those who had not smoked for 10 years or more. Measurement of DNA adducts by  32 P-postlabeling appears to be a useful and particularly direct procedure for assessing genetic damage from environmental carcinogens.

Detection of Aromatic DNA Adducts in Human Cells and Fish Liver