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We study two experimental ways to measure the heavy-quark content of theproton: using the Callan-Gross ratio $R(x,Q^2)=F_L/F_T$ and/or azimuthal$\cos(2\varphi)$ asymmetry in deep inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering. Ourapproach is based on the perturbative stability of the QCD predictions forthese two quantities. We resume the mass logarithms of the type$\alpha_{s}\ln\left( Q^{2}/m^{2}\right)$ and conclude that heavy-quarkdensities in the nucleon can, in principle, be determined from data on theCallan-Gross ratio and/or azimuthal asymmetry. In particular, the charm contentof the proton can be measured in future studies at the proposed LargeHadron-Electron (LHeC) and Electron-Ion (EIC) Colliders.

Azimuthal Asymmetry and Ratio $R= F_L / F_T$ as Probes of the Charm Content of the Proton