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Dry ice blasting is an environmentally–friendly Method. It is a form of carbon dioxide (CO2) cleaning process where dry ice, the solid form of CO2 is accelerated in a pressurized air stream and directed toward contaminated surfaces. The cleaning process of dry ice blasting is based on three combined mechanic isms which are thermal, mechanical and sublimation effect, see Fig. 1 for the three active mechanism of dry ice blasting. The thermal effect is due to differences in thermal coefficient between surface contaminant and substrate which cause brittle of contaminant. The mechanical effect is a result of the kinetic energy of the blasting medium which can reach supersonic speeds upon the surface impact. The sublimation effect occurs is due to the direct change of CO2 from the solid to the gaseous phase cause the volume increase of about 600-fold [1]. The basic advantages of dry ice blasting are relatively low abrasiveness of blasting medium and environmentally friendly as the blast media which is small pallets of CO2, immediately disappears upon impact and return to their natural state in the atmosphere producing little waste other than the contaminate being removed. In addition, carbon dioxide released from the dry ice blasting process is no new carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere, so it does not increase CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Fig. 1. Active mechanism of dry ice blasting [2]

Optimum Design of Nozzle Geometry of Dry Ice Blasting Using CFD for the Reduction of Noise Emission