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Beating trays and pitfall traps were operated on five occasions in three apple orchard management systems (biological, integrated and conventional fruit production) in Canterbury and Central Otago. The aim was to determine the presence of differences in species composition and biodiversity, that could potentially be used as biological measures of sustainability. The Shannon-Weiner index was used to compare the faunas sampled under each treatment. Pitfall traps had higher numbers of species and Shannon-Weiner index values than foliage samples from beating trays. Foliage sampling indicated the highest biodiversity in the integrated and biological treatments, with the lowest in conventional fruit production treatments. Despite the detection of more species in the understorey by pitfall trapping, apple tree foliage sampling by beating trays appears to have a greater ability to detect the impact of different production practices on the apple orchard fauna. Similar trends were evident from an analysis of the predators alone, in both beating tray and pitfall traps, which would offer considerable cost savings over an analysis of the total fauna.

proceedings of the new zealand weed and pest control conference/new zealand plant protection/proceedings of the ... national weeds conference/proceedings of the new zealand weed control conference/proceedings of the new zealand plant protection conference

Biodiversity in apple orchards: apple tree foliage and ground cover sampling