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Because pipeline has large pipe diameter, large throughout and high pressure, once pipeline leakage accident happens, the damage is quite serious. In addition, pipeline leakage accident caused by man-made drilling oil stolen every year results in huge economic losses on oilfield. Therefore, a real-time and accurate pipeline leak detection and location system not only can effectively decrease leakage loss and reduce the waste of manpower and material resources in patrolling work, but also is conductive to the management of oil pipeline and improvement of economic efficiency of enterprise. The paper determines leak detection and location project giving priority to negative pressure wave and supplemented by flow parameter analysis. The method not only can judge the accidence of leakage timely and accurately, but also can effectively avoid leakage false alarm caused by start or stop pumps in pipeline. Negative pressure wave method is the method which is used widely on pipeline leakage detection and location internationally at present. It is based on signal processing. And the method doesn't need to establish hydraulic and mathematical model of pipeline, and most only use pressure signal. So the method adapts to the application of pipeline in China(1). Because oil pipeline has the function of guiding wave, the negative pressure wave caused by leakage can transmit more than tens of kilometers along the pipeline. Its propagation velocity is equal to the propagation velocity of sound wave transferring fluid in pipeline. And the propagation velocity of negative pressure wave in the original oil pipeline is between 1000meters and 1200 meters. As negative pressure wave has the characteristics of remote transmission, pressure transducer installed at the end and first of the pipeline can be used to capture negative pressure wave containing leakage information and to detect the leakage. After identifying leakage happens, leakage location can be made according to time difference of negative pressure wave caused by leakage transmitting to the head and end of the pipeline and negative pressure wave velocity(2).

Systematic Analysis on Pipeline Leak Detection and Location