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The estimation of runoff and sediment transport in mountainous areas, using the rain simulation method among others, allows us to control the effect of water erosion on the considerable loss of arable land share and siltation of the other dams. The objective of this study is to quantify runoff and sediment transport and finding mathematical models explaining the relationship between the runoff coefficient "Kr" and sediment concentration "C".  The rainfall simulator used in our experiment is a "ORSTOM". We chose the parameters according to the conditions observed in the field, namely rain intensity (I1 = 30, I2 = 50 and I3 = 80 mm.h-1), ground slope (P1= 12.5 and P2 = 25%) and soil moisture state (S: Dry, H: damp TH: very humid). These settings are applied to marl representing a high percentage in the mountains of Beni Chougrane in western Algeria.  The results show that there is significant variations in Kr and C. The search for mathematical models explaining these relationships led us to choose the linear model which best explains the relationship between C and Kr in %: C = A + BKr , with a correlation coefficient of  85%. The logarithmic model LogC = A + B.LogKr, ranks second with a correlation coefficient of up to 75%. The runoff coefficient is closely related to the intensity of the rain "I" and "P" slope whereas the sediment concentration varies in proportion to the intensity of the rain and the moisture condition of the soil "H". The application of the technique of rainfall simulation which has the advantage of controlling parameters considered, allowed us to establish a more realistic modeling to explain all the fluctuations of these two parameters.

Estimation of Runoff and Sediment Transport: Case of the Mounts of Beni Chougrane, Mascara, Algeria