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The study was conducted to examine the factors leading to conflicts between farmers and pastoralists in Kambala Village. The work is anchored on the fact that there have been numerous efforts by the government to bring an end to conflicts between farmers and pastoralists but the conflicts continue to persist and escalate resulting into both economic and social difficulties. Covering a sample size of 110 respondents, data was collected using interviews, documentary review, and focus group discussions. Collected data was analysed using both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The findings reveal that environment factors, unethical behaviour, increase in both human and livestock population, overstocking, policy and regulatory deficiencies, nature of approaches used to resolve and manage the conflicts, and other factors are responsible for the recurrence of conflicts between farmers and pastoralists. Drawing from conflict and conflict resolution theories, which advocate for the use of coercive power and participatory approaches to restore peace, respectively; this paper concludes that no single strategy fits all conflicts given the uniqueness of different conflict settings. In light of the results, this paper recommends effective approaches to address farmers-pastoralists conflicts; actors should use both lenses of coercive and participatory approaches and the choice of an appropriate strategy will depend on the context of the conflict since no single approach fits all type of conflicts.

Factors Leading to Conflicts Between Farmers and Pastoralists in Tanzania: Evidence From Kambala Village in Morogoro