English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Open

Progressive failure appears whereas the average driven resistance, on a sliding surface, is less than the average peak resistance at the time of failure (La Rochelle, 1960). Typical slopes failure appears on any occasion that the strength reduction exceeds in post-peak zones; however, it increases in the driven resistance in the pre-peak parts (Bishop, 1971). This phenomenon causes sudden instability and larger post-failure movements. Some experimental evidence clarified that the average driven resistance is crucial in examining progressive failure (Peck, 1967; Rowe, 1969). A few numerical methods used to analyze cases associated to long slopes (Bernander & Olofsson, 1981; Palmer & Rice, 1973). Part of numerical analyses presented by considering softening phenomena and a non-linear finite element analysis has been performed (Biondi et al., 1976; Prévost & Höeg, 1975). The analyses express the impact of progressive failure and exhibit various modes of slope and earth dam behavior. Subsequent researches have been carried out to study the issues concerning the progressive failure conditions especially in sand particles by numerical frameworks (Sadrnejad & Labibzadeh, 2006). In this research, the weight coefficient and direction cosines of seventeen planes are calculated using Multi-Laminate theory; the effect of planes is transferred to the middle points of them by numerical integration. Constitutive relations corrected by the method of reducing the number of soil constants, using hypo-plasticity theory (Dafalias, 1986; Dafalias & Manzari, 2004; Manzari & Dafalias, 1997; Taiebat et al., 2010; Wang et al., 1990). Therefore, a constant value at 0.65 is increased by a constant scale used (Halyan, 2001). To determine the number of cycles equivalent to the acceleration of the mappings proposed (Seed & Bruce, 1976), a special method is employed for the time history of shear stress, resulted from the ground motions recorded. In Multi-Laminate, the equations of the planes and the model constants implemented and calibrated. On each plane the important effects of the applied anisotropy analyzed to evaluate the progressive failure. Evaluating Crack propagation in Earth Dams upon a mixture of Multi-Line technic and Multi-Laminate theory clarified the order of planes activation and progressive failure due to cyclic triaxial test with the same dimensions and boundary conditions and confining pressure for dynamic loading state investigated and compared to laboratory tests (Rahimi Dadgar et al., 2019a, 2019b) and finally the model constants modified based on constitutive relations obtained from elasto-plastic theory (Dashti et al., 2017, 2019). The major innovative point of this numerical study is that the model is able to predict progressive failure in the earth dam in an equivalent cyclic loading. In this study, to learn the progressive failure, the effect of cyclic loading Abstract In this paper, the progressive failure in an earth dam is evaluated upon a Multi-Laminate framework by considering 10 historical earthquakes in the world, along with their equivalent harmonic cyclic loading. Whenever the framework is given for any suggested plane by direction cosines, it has its certain direction, so, on this basis, the activation order of planes represents the direction and next step of progressive failure. The numerical integration comprises a function that is determined by distributing in sphere area including a radius of one, which can be approximated with several planes, tangential to different points in the sphere area. By calculating numerical integration, the quantity, spread on the sphere, achieved in the aforesaid points to predict fabric anisotropy effects. The framework efficiency is proved by evaluation of removal constants, such as confining pressure, and void ratio. The effects of driven anisotropy studied on all planes of the framework in 10 earthquakes to determine the effects of induced anisotropy on activated and no activated planes, in order to evaluate the progressive failure. Then, the model is capable to predict the coordinate of node of each brick element of the earth dam for next failure.

Numerical analysis of cyclic loading effect on progressive failure of an earth dam upon a multi-laminate framework