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Konrádová V., L. Vajner, J. Uhlík, J. Zocová: Tracheal Epithelium of Rabbits after Repeated Inhalations of Mineral Water Aerosol. Acta Vet. Brno 2001, 70: 391-396. In experiment, the effect of repeated inhalations of mineral water aerosol on the airway epithelium was investigated. Six rabbits inhaled mineral water for 10 min 5× in the course of 5 days, seven animals served as untreated controls. The tracheal mucous membrane was processed using standard methods of transmission electron microscopy; the results were evaluated quantitatively. In paraffin-embedded material, the methods of conventional and lectin histochemistry were employed. Due to the contact with mineral water aerosol, the goblet cells were overstimulated and the mechanism of secretion was accelerated. The exhausted goblet cells represented 66 ± 2%. High level of goblet cells' stimulation resulted in changes in their distribution in the epithelium. Small intraepithelial mucous glands were formed by 33 ± 4% of goblet cells. Goblet cells containing neutral glycoconjugates disappeared. A significant (α = 0.01) increase in number of cells producing acid sulphated glycoconjugates was accompanied with significant (α = 0.01) decrease in cells containing α (2-3) sialylated ones. In the ciliated cells, slight apical blebbing and mild signs of pathological alteration of the deeper portions of their cytoplasm were noticed. In the ciliary border, the mean number of cilia was 7.2 ± 0.3/m2. The altered kinocilia represented 5.8 ± 1.4%. These values were slightly but significantly (α = 0.01) lower compared with controls. As morphological signs of impaired self-cleaning ability of the airway epithelium, clumps of condensed mucus were discovered in the area of the slightly impaired ciliary border. According to our classification of the airway epithelium injury, the degree of damage to the tracheal epithelium was mild to moderate. Airways, ultrastructure, lectin histochemistry, glycoconjugates, ciliated cells, goblet cells In our preceding study, we demonstrated the effect of a single 10-min inhalation of mineral water on the airways. In the tracheal epithelium, the secretory elements were overstimulated and changes in the character of their glycoconjugates (GCs) were recorded (Konrádová et al. 2001). In clinical practice, whole series of inhalations are usually prescribed. Therefore, we decided to investigate also the effect of repeated inhalations of mineral water aerosol on the airway epithelium.