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Hlousek A., E. Kudlac, Jarmila Nedbalkova, B. Studencik, Ruzena Svobodova: Blood Picture and Biochemical Composition of the Blood in Sows between Weaning and Subsequent Estrus. Acta vet. Brno, 53, 1984: 57 63. The blood picture and biochemical composition of the blood in 79 sows between weaning and subsequent estrus was investigated and compared with the values obtained in 39 lactating sows. The mean erythrocyte counts were higher after weaning (5.9 ± 0.6. 1012/1) than in lactating sows (5.7 ± 0.8. 1012/1). The highest erythrocyte counts were observed during estrus (6.7 ± 0.4.1012/1). The hemoglobin concentration ranged between 11 and 13 g/d!. The highest hematocrit value was found on day 10 after weaning (0.40 ± 0.07). The highest erythrocyte sedimentation rate was found on the day of weaning. The total protein concentration was higher in lactating sows (78.4 ± 7.1 g/I) than in those after weaning (69.2 to 75.2 g/I). The mean leukocyte counts increased after weaning up to 16.460 ± 3 150. The neutrophil counts were high in the first days after weaning (53.7 per cent), the lymphocyte counts increased within a week after weaning to 48.3 per cent. The plasma Ca concentration increased from 2.21 ± 0.41 mmol/I to 2.60 ± 0.24 mmoll!. The plasma glucose concentration ranged between 3.36 ± 0.62 and 5.63 ± ± 0.86 mmol/I; the lower value was found on the day of weaning. The vitamin A concentration was lowest during lactation (232.5 ± 82.0 mg/I). The enzyme activities were rather unstable and changed in wide limits (acid phosphatase from 69.6 to 151.6 kat/I, alkaline phosphatase from 0.205 to 0.483 kat/I, LDH from 157.3 to 240.1 kat/I, GOT from 0.117 to 0.374 kat/I, GPT from 0.142 to 0.357 kat/I). Sow, weaning, estrus, blood, vitamins, enzymes, glucose. Morphological and biochemical composition of the blood is affected by numerous factors of the internal and external environment. One of such factors is the reproductive process. Information about the health state of the sows before gestation based on laboratory examination may provide data useful for improvement of fertilization and natality of the offspring. Morphology and biochemistry of the blood in sows has been described in detail by many authors (Wirth 1952; Schalm 1961; Kudrjavcev and Kudrjavceva 1972; Maclean 1972; Nachreiner et a!. 1972; GabriS 1975; Herak et a!. 1975; Bostedt 1978 and others). The majority of available data provide information on changes in sows during pregnancy, parturition and puerperium but we found no data on blood morphology and biochemistry in sows in the period between weaning and the subsequent estrus. The aim of this work was therefore to study the morphological and biochemical parameters of the sow's blood in the above-mentioned period. On our earlier studies, these parameters have been described in gills (Hlousek 1978), in sows during pregnancy and puerperium (Hlousek 1979; KudJac et a!. 1980). The present study was carried out in the same enterprise and under the same experimental conditions as the above-mentioned work.