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multiple use management of the Nation's forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management of the national forests and national grasslands, it strives—as directed by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race because all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, Preface This report is one of a set of periodic reports produced by the Northwest Forest Plan (the Plan) interagency monitoring program. These reports attempt to answer questions about the effectiveness of the Plan using the latest monitoring methods and research results. The reports focus on establishing baseline information from 1994, when the Plan was approved, and reporting changes that have occurred since then. The series includes late-successional and old-growth forests, northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) population and habitat, marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) population and habitat, watershed condition, government-to-government tribal relationships, socioeconomic conditions, and project implementation. These monitoring reports are also intended to identify potential issues and to recommend solutions for future adaptive management changes and, as noted in the first reporting cycle, to resolve information management issues that inevitably surface during these analyses. This is the second in a series of periodic monitoring reports on northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) population and habitat trends on federally administered lands since implementation of the Northwest Forest Plan in 1994. Here we summarize results from a population analysis that included data from long-term demographic studies during 1985–2008. This data was analyzed separately by study area, and also in a meta-analysis across all study areas to assess temporal and spatial patterns in fecundity, apparent survival, recruitment, and annual rates of population change. Estimated rates of annual population decline ranged from 0.4 to 7.1 percent across federal study areas (weighted average of 2.8 percent). Covariates for barred owls (Strix varia), weather, climate, habitat, and reproductive success were analyzed and had varying degrees of association with owl demographic parameters. We now have more evidence that increasing …

Northwest Forest Plan—the first 15 years (1994–2008): status and trends of northern spotted owl populations and habitats