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he phenomenon of urban expansion and its extension at the expense of agricultural land is a major challenge for most countries of the world, especially, for developing countries whose population is growing at a high rate. And the consequent pressure on resources, especially, agricultural land surrounding the communities. So, it was therefore necessary on states to plan to eliminate this problem and put an end to this phenomenon of urbanization on agricultural land .Through proper planning and study of the phenomenon in all its aspect in order to find right solution to preserve the environment and vital systems surrounding the communities. The natural factor of topography plays a major role in the spread of Urbanization because plain areas are the most suitable areas for humanitarian activities, making the population more concentrated than other urbanism form. The easy of expansion of cities in the plain areas other than mountains areas leads to the excessive consumption of agricultural land which decrease size year after year. The City of Erbil has witnessed a large urban expansion and extended its area at the expense of neighboring agricultural lands. This expansion has brought about significant changes in the natural landscaping of fertile agricultural land and transformation into human components (communities) (housings, buildings, Streets, etc.Resulting in many environmental problems. 2-Study problem; The problem is: What are the environmental impacts of urbanization of Arbil? 3-Study Hypothesis; 1-There is a relationship between both urban expansion 2-The city of Erbil possesses the elements of urban expansion 3Study Aims; The study aims at explaining the Urban expansions witnessed in the City of Erbil during the period (1947-2017) through different stages and aims to identify the factors that influenced this expansion with showing the directions of the trends and the most important problems that emerged as the results of that expansion. 4-Study Methods; The search will based on comparative analysis method based on recent and old data while analyzing data and information related to the study areas for the purpose of variable data obtained in the environment of the region. The nature of study will necessitate to divide it to the following divisions (axis) 1. The definition of the City of Erbil and its environmental reality. 2. The development stages of the city of Erbil (Morphology of city). 3. Factors affecting (natural and economical and social) urban expansion of the city. 4. Geographical distribution of the expansion trends. 5. The most important environmental problems as the result of this expansion.

URBAN EXPANSION OF ERBIL AND THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DURING THE PERIOD 1947-2017 (A STUDY IN THE GEOGRAPHY OF CITIES)